Select Page

Genesis GV70 AWD 3.5T Review

Genesis GV70 AWD 3.5T Review

Genesis thought outside the instrument panel to create the refined and sophisticated GV70

Starting prices for the 2022 Genesis GV70 range from about $43,000 to $55,000.

Starting prices for the 2022 Genesis GV70, including all-wheel drive, range from about $43,000 to $55,000. (Mark Maynard photos)

Table of Contents

Overview
Pricing
Performance
Ride and Handling
Driver Assist Technologies
Safety Features
Interior
Back Seats and Cargo
Why Buy the Genesis GV70?
Specifications

BY MARK MAYNARD

I had been eager to test the Genesis GV70 since the company announced the arrival of its new small SUV back in early December 2020. The images presented a compelling design, but a couple of other luxury elements stood out:

• Its elite styling resisted an SUV image with unnecessary humps and bulges to reinforce an off-roading image.
• In addition to its long new-vehicle warranty, Genesis leapfrogs ultra-luxury warranties with these no-cost coverages:

1. Free scheduled maintenance and Genesis Service Valet care for 3-years/36,000-miles;
2. Free Genesis Connected Services for 3 years;
3. 3 years of free annual multimedia and navigation updates and lifetime traffic data via HD+ Traffic radio.

And this frosting of largesse can be heaped onto the new vehicle warranty of 5-years/60,000-miles bumper to bumper, and 10-years/100,000-miles for the powertrain.

The stand-out perk, however, might be the free service valet care. Genesis says, “Let us pick up and service your vehicle for you.” Genesis will perform a remote diagnostic check, then retrieve your vehicle for service and leave a loaner vehicle, then return your Genesis washed and cleaned.

Now that’s how a carmaker reassures its customers. Such a time-saver in this class could make a $60,000 compact SUV a no-regrets purchase. And there is little to regret about owning the Genesis GV70.

Steering wheel of the GV70

Sightlines are open across the fenders, helped by the small corner glass.

Genesis GV70 Overview

The compact-class GV70 is the second Genesis SUV, joining the midsize GV80 and the brand’s fifth model overall. The GV70 shares an architecture with the G70 sport sedan (and the Kia Stinger) making it more of a sport SUV, though Genesis has no true sport division … yet.

Every luxury-class manufacturer has at least one small SUV crossover in its lineup. Most have traditional styling treatments to remind of a rugged SUV for that great escape, which automotive marketers think is so desired by U.S. drivers.

Mercedes-Benz and the Porsche Macan are on similar trajectories for an SUV crossover that has carlike manners. Genesis thought outside the instrument panel to create the refined and sophisticated GV70.

No apology is needed for its cargo-crimping, coupe-like roofline. And the GV70 has what might be the best-looking rear-end in the business today. And the rest of the GV70 walkaround is balanced and comment-provoking, too.

The fist-forward “Athletic Elegance” design theme has a sweeping parabolic arch that slashes rearward from the headlights and descends to the center of the taillight. It is a muscular treatment without contrived bulges.

Genesis design and engineering is a progressive presentation of everything drivers have become familiar with — but smartly re-created.

The front seats in the GV70

The Genesis GV70 shuts out the world with acoustic laminated glass.

Genesis GV70 Pricing

Globally, the GV70 drivetrain is rear-wheel drive with optional AWD. But in North America, the GV70 has standard all-wheel drive. There are two choices of turbocharged and direct-injected powertrains with eight-speed automatic transmissions. The electronic transmissions include steering wheel paddle shifters and selectable performance modes of Snow, Comfort, Eco, Sport, Sport-plus, and Custom, which allows individual preferences for steering weight, suspension firmness, etc.

GV70 2.5T AWD starts at $42,595. The 300-hp, single turbocharged 2.5-liter four-cylinder has 311 foot-pounds of peak torque from 1,650 to 4,000 rpm. Fuel-economy ratings are 22 mpg city, 28 highway, and 24 mpg combined, using the recommended premium fuel for peak performance.
GV70 3.5T starts at $54,195 and includes the standard Sport package of 19-inch alloy wheels, panoramic sunroof, and Highway Driving Assist II. The 375-hp, twin-turbocharged 3.5-liter V-6 has peak torque of 391 lb.-ft. from 1,300 to 4,500 rpm. Fuel-economy ratings are 19 mpg city, 25 highway, and 21 mpg combined, also using the recommended premium.

Today’s GV70 3.5T tester was $64,045. Options included the Melbourne Gray matte paint for $1,500, the Sport Advanced package, $5,000, and the Sport Prestige package, $4,900.

Of the 12 paint colors offered, only Alta White is a no-cost choice. The other hues are either $500 or $1,500. Interior color themes are black, red, or blue, depending on paint color.

Find current pricing and incentives for the GV70 here.

The red door panel of the GV70

There is satisfying quality to the artfully presented interior design.

GV70 3.5T Performance

I was not expecting the Genesis GV70 3.5T to be such a sleeper sport sedan, rich in visceral velocity. Dial up the performance mode of Sport-plus, pin the accelerator and the GV70 rears its beautiful head. This 4,451-pound SUV shows its German-inspired performance engineering with acceleration from 0 to 62 mph in 5.09 seconds, according to testing by Genesis Korea.

For the hot-shoe driver, there is a launch-control feature that when activated raises the engine speed to 2,000 rpm for the hole-shot.

Both GV70 engines have a manufactured “active engine sound,” but it is quite realistic. For good effect, the dual exhaust tips have downspout-sized proportions.

I did not like the V-6 engine’s auto stop-start at idle. It took just a split second too long to restart and it can be hesitant in stop-and-go traffic. In those situations, I switched off the system, but I do respect the potential for emissions and fuel savings.

Fuel Economy

Real world fuel-economy ratings are not far off the official ratings. In a week of testing, my driving averaged 16 mpg around town and I worked up to 21 mpg on the highway. Not good when crude oil is $130 a barrel. But the GV70 hauls ass when you need a defining validation for choosing the V-6.

The eight-speed automatic is almost intuitive at providing just the right gear at the right time. When driving for fun in Sport or Sport-plus, the transmission clicks off downshifts with just a brush of the brake pedal. Then the electronics hold the gear until you exit the corner and roll on power for the next twist. The transmission is so adept at being sporty that I seldom felt the need to use the steering-column shift paddles.

The 375-hp, twin-turbocharged 3.5-liter V-6 in the GV70 3.5T

The 375-hp, twin-turbocharged 3.5-liter V-6 in the GV70 3.5T.

GV70 3.5T Ride and Handling

Enjoy the traffic-calmed cabin, which is a good reason to buy a luxury vehicle. The Genesis GV70 shuts out the clamor with acoustic laminated glass at the windshield, front side, and rear side windows.

The body structure is as stiff as a full metal jacket, which reduces body flex and the resulting creaks and itchy sounds. Aerodynamic elements include the rear spoiler that helps smooth airflow at the top of the body and the front bumper air curtain that reduces airflow resistance around the sides and at the front wheels.

Road harshness is controlled by the tester’s 21-inch Michelin Primacy Touring tires, 255/40. The optional five-spoke sport alloy wheels — with sort of a twisted, waffled imprint — looked street wily with the Melbourne Gray paint.

E-Suspension

Genesis uses an electronically controlled suspension to minimize the vehicle’s body lean when cornering. And with electronic limited-slip differentials (part of the $4,900 Sport Prestige package), cornering levels are increased by distributing power left and right to the rear wheels, according to the road surface and driving conditions.

The e-suspension uses adaptive dampers with a road-preview feature. The system scans the road ahead and the sensors process that information in milliseconds to balance ride quality.

In my driving experience, the e-suspension gave precise turn-in responses, but it is not as magically smooth as a magnetorheological damper, such as is used in some performance vehicles. I experienced a few unexpected jolts along rough patches and noticeable head-toss across speed bumps.

With its towing capacity of 3,500 pounds and a full-bodied curb weight of 4,451 pounds, good brakes are essential. And the GV70 3.5T is prepared with ventilated four-wheel discs with 14.2-inch rotors at the front and 13.6-inch rotors rear. (2.5T models also have vented discs, with rotors that are 13.6 inches front, and 12.8 inches rear.

21-inch GV70 tire and wheel

Road harshness is well controlled by the Michelin Primacy Touring tires.

Driver Assist Technologies

Using a Level 2 driver-assist function is always helpful in heavy highway commuting. These systems keep watch when the driver doesn’t.

The Genesis system is reasonably consistent, but it will allow the vehicle to drift wide in a highway curve, crossing the white highway lines or Botts dots. The mapping for steering adjustments isn’t quite smooth and seems like an action of connecting the dots.

But I did appreciate the heads-up display (part of the Sport Prestige package). When using the driver-assist system, the HUD shows red alerts for side traffic. It is more visible during the day than warning lights in the side mirrors. And the heads-up display also shows gray profiles of nearby vehicles ahead and on either side.

Driver assist screen in the GV70

The Level 2 driver-assist system shows red alerts for side traffic.

GV70 Safety Features

The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety rated the Genesis GV70 a Top Safety Pick+ for 2021. The IIHS also gives Top Safety Pick+ ratings for the GV80 SUV, G80 executive sedan, and G90 flagship sedan.

The 2022 awards mark the third year in a row that the entire Genesis lineup of eligible vehicles has earned top honors.

All Genesis models are equipped with a comprehensive suite of state-of-the-art driver assistance and safety technologies including Forward Collision-Avoidance Assist with Pedestrian Detection, Lane Keeping Assist, and Blind-Spot Collision-Avoidance Assist.

Among eight air bags (including a front center air bag), other standard GV70 safety features include:

  • Forward Collision-Avoidance Assist with Junction Crossing and Turning. The system is intended to mitigate the risk of impacts when turning or crossing through an intersection;
  • Blind-Spot Collision-Avoidance Assist. This feature helps reduce the chance of potential impact with a moving vehicle when departing a parallel parking spot.
  • Advanced Rear Occupant Alert technology. Genesis says the GV70 is the first vehicle to feature radar-based detection of passengers in the rear seat, Genesis says. To alert drivers when a child or sleeping infant has been left in their seat, cabin sensors can detect when back-seat passengers move, and they can also detect small respiratory movements.
Double-line quad LED headlights on the GV70

Double-line quad LED headlights are intended to add a sense of speed.

GV70 Interior Function

There is a sweet spot of roominess in the GV70 cabin. Headroom with the panoramic sunroof is about 38 inches and should accommodate 95 percent of drivers; especially with legroom of 41.3 inches.

Sightlines are open across the fenders, with help from small corner glass at the windshield pillars. Over-the-shoulder views are somewhat slim but no worries when parking — the surround-view camera system with guidance lines has billboard proportions from the 14.5-inch high-definition infotainment screen at the top of the instrument panel.

The standard 16-way power driver seat can be electronically positioned by the optional Smart posture control. The feature will set an optimal position based on the driver’s height and weight. It also sets positions for the steering wheel, side mirrors, and head-up display. See the function here.

The front passenger has eight-away power adjustment — and both front seats are heated and ventilated. The passenger seat includes a “walk-in device,” which is merely a power switch for a back-seat occupant to move the seat forward for more legroom; it is a trickle-down feature from chauffeur-driven sedans.

The 3D electronic gauge array is unique with large dials for the speedometer and tachometer. The tach might have merit for the V-6 engine, but it is also is wasted space for most drivers.

There are two large flat dials on the shift console: one for the transmission and the other to access cabin functions, audio, and infotainment. The dials are similar in size, and in the first four days of driving my hand naturally fell to the dial for cabin function. In time, owners will gain the muscle memory to go straight for the shift dial.

GV70 back seat.

Rear legroom is adequate at 37.2 inches.

Back Seat and Cargo Space

Genesis provides a full luxury treatment to the back seat when some brands back off on the details and even soundproofing. Legroom is adequate at 37.2 inches — but hope for short people in the front seats. However, the doors open to near-90 degrees for easy entry, and the seats are comfortably supportive.

Cargo area of the GV70

Fold the back seat for 6 feet of length.

Cargo capacity is slightly compromised by the sloping roofline, but there is nearly 29 cubic feet of space behind the back seat, stacked to the headliner. The cargo opening is wide at 41 inches, and fold the 60/40 back seat for about 6 feet in length.

The area is finished in quality carpeting, with a pair of large side lights, and a slim storage area under the cargo floor.

Despite the $64K price, a cargo roller cover is not included but is available for $200. However, carpeted floor mats are included.

Sidelights in the cargo area of the GV70

Thick pile carpeting, large side lights (2), and robust seatback releases.

Why Buy the Genesis GV70 3.5T?

The Genesis brand is still an outlier among luxury auto buyers who might be more comfortable committing to an Audi, BMW, Lexus, or Mercedes-Benz. But, in 2020, J.D. Power named Genesis the most dependable automotive brand, and in 2021 the brand was lauded as the most technologically innovative in North America.

Time is money and the extensive warranty package is a time-saving answer to the GV70 $64,000 question.

A rear view of the Genesis GV70

Aerodynamic elements include the rear spoiler that helps smooth airflow.

Genesis GV70 3.5T Specifications

Body style: Compact, 5-seat 5-door SUV crossover in rear- or all-wheel drive

Engine: 375-hp, twin-turbocharged and direct-injected 3.5-liter V-6 with auto stop-start at idle; 391 lb.-ft. torque from 1,300-4,500 rpm

Transmission: 8-speed automatic with paddle shifters and 5 drive modes

Fuel economy: 19/25/21 mpg city/hwy/combined; premium fuel recommended for peak power

Max. towing capacity: 3,500 lbs. with trailer brakes

BY THE NUMBERS

Fuel tank: 17.43 gallons

Cargo space: 28.9 to 56.9 cubic feet

Front head/leg room: 39.6*/41.3 in. *without moonroof

Rear head/leg room: 39.1/37.2 in.

Length/wheelbase: 185.6/113.2 in.

Curb weight: 4,451 lbs.

Turning circle: 37.7 ft.

FEATURES

3.5T Standard equipment includes: Smartkey entry and locking with push-button ignition, with Nappa leather-trimmed upholstery, 16-way power driver seat (with power side bolsters and seat cushion), 14.5-inch high-definition infotainment screen, 12.3-inch 3D digital gauge array, 8-way power front passenger seat (with walk-in device), heated and ventilated front seats, 2 front USBs (data and charge) and 2 rear charging USBs, 9-speaker audio system with Android Auto and Apple CarPlay, electric parking brake with automatic hold, full LED lighting (headlights, taillights, running lights, and side mirror turn signals), power folding and heated (with a timer) side mirrors, outside approach lights with Genesis logo (at side mirrors), power one-touch panoramic sunroof, solar control tinted side and rear glass, acoustic laminated glass (windshield, front side and rear side windows), carpeted floor mats, power tilt-telescoping steering wheel, smart cruise control with stop-and-go, wireless charging, locking glove box, surround-view camera system with guidance lines

Packages on tester

Sport Advanced package, $5,000: Nappa Leather Seating Surfaces with Sport Pattern Quilting; Layered Edge Backlit Trim; Leatherette Upper Instrument and Door Panels; Suede Headliner; Heated Steering Wheel; Genesis Digital Key; Surround View Monitor; Blind-Spot View Monitor; Remote Smart Parking Assist
Parking Distance Warning – Front; Parking Collision-Avoidance Assist – Rear; Lexicon Premium Audio with 16-Speakers

Sport Prestige package, $4,900: 21-inch Sport Alloy Wheels; Electronic Limited Slip Differential; Nappa Leather Seating Surfaces with Suede Insert; Carbon Fiber Trim; Heated 2nd Row Seats; Manual Rear Side Sunshades; Acoustic Rear Door Glass; 3-Zone Climate control; 12.3-inch 3D Digital Cluster
Heads-Up Display

Safety features include: 8 air bags, Forward Collision Avoidance-Assist with Pedestrian and Cyclist Detection, Lane-Change Oncoming, and Junction Turning Highway Driving Assist; Driver Attention Warning; Lane Keeping Assist and Lane Following Assist; Blind-Spot Collision-Avoidance Assist; Rear Cross-Traffic Collision-Avoidance Assist; Safe Exit Assist; Intelligent Speed Limit Assist; Park Distance Warning – Rear; Launch Control and Hill Start Assist Control Vehicle Stability Management with stability and traction controls

PRICING

Base price: $53,645, including $1,045 freight charge; price as tested $64,045

Options on test vehicle: Melbourne Gray matte paint $500; Sport Advanced package, $5,000; Sport Prestige package, $4,900;

Where assembled: Ulsan, Korea

Warranties: 5-years/60,000-miles bumper to bumper; 10-years/100,000-miles powertrain; Genesis Service Valet for 3 years or 36,000 miles provides a remote diagnostic check, vehicle pick up, and a loaner vehicle and return of the vehicle

Maserati Boomerang Turns 50

Maserati Boomerang Turns 50
Maser Boomerang concept

The 1972 Maserati Boomerang concept conveyed an image of penetration, power and speed. (Photos courtesy of Maserati)

The Maserati Boomerang concept defined Maserati as a brand of iconic and avant-garde cars that  pioneered technology and style

BY MARK MAYNARD

A half century has passed since the Maserati Boomerang debuted at the Geneva Motor Show on March 9, 1972. It was a one-off concept created by the renowned Giorgetto Giugiaro and produced by Italdesign. Only one car was ever produced.

The Maserati Boomerang concept made an appearance at the 1971 Turin Motor Show.  And it was presented at the Geneva motor show in 1972 as a registered vehicle that ran perfectly, Maserati said in a release.

Italdesign started with the Maserati Bora for the Boomerang’s chassis and mechanics. The powertrain was a rear-mounted, 90-degree 4.7-liter V-8 engine. Channeled through a five-speed ZF manual gearbox, the 310-hp Bora would have a top speed of almost 186 mph (300 km/h).

A red Maserati Bora

The Maserati Bora.

The two-seat Maserati Boomerang sports coupé never went into production. But its stylistic legacy continued Giugiaro’s later creations. And it was inspiration for other automakers in Europe and the United States.

The influence of the Boomerang’s wedge shape can be seen in the 1973 Audi Asso di Picche concept, 1973 VW Passat Mk1, 1974 VW Golf Mk1, 1976 Lotus Esprit and Medici II show car, 1979 Lancia Delta and Maserati Quattroporte III, and 1976 designed and 1981 launched DeLorean.

Maserati Boomerang side view

The Maserati Bora was used for the Boomerang’s foundation.

Design Elements

The originality of the Maserati Boomerang was in its wedge shape and bold lines. The stance conveyed an image of penetration, power, and speed.

Stylistically, a horizontal line divided the Boomerang in two with a sloping windscreen and a panoramic sunroof. The original windows of the doors were divided by a metal strip. And the retractable square headlamps stood out, with horizontal lights in the rear.

A head-on view of the Boomerage

The Boomerang’s dashboard instruments were built into the spokeless steering wheel and the wheel rotated around the stationary gauges.

The interior was extremely modern and introduced fresh ideas. For example, the dashboard instruments were built into the spokeless steering wheel, and the seats were positioned very low.

The one production version of the Boomerang made other appearances in international competitions. It would change hands between various owners, and ended up as the feature car in a number of auctions; it was even used in commercials.

Considered by many to be a work of art, the Maserati Boomerang was revolutionary and influenced the designs of successive cars. It continued to define Maserati as a brand capable of creating unique automotive concepts, iconic and avant-garde cars that acted as pioneers of technology and style.

The Maserati MC20 supercar.

The Maserati MC20 supercar.

The Future for Maserati

Now more than ever, Maserati is unique for its design and innovation. It is moving forward with the new Grecale SUV and the 621-hp, MC20 super sports car. The 2022 MC20 debuts Maserati’s in-house designed new 3.0-liter V-6 Nettuno engine  that applies F1 technology for a road car. MC20 pricing starts at $212,000.

The Maserati Grecale prototype in camouflage.

Details for the Maserati Grecale small SUV will be released March 22.

VW ID Buzz World Premiere

VW ID Buzz World Premiere

European models of the VW ID Buzz go on sale this year, followed by a long-wheelbase passenger model for North America in 2024

An ID.Buzz in two-tone Energetic Orange and Candy White

Two-tone VW ID Buzz models will have the roof, upper areas and hood finished in Candy White. Areas below the character line are in a choice of four shades, such as this hue of Energetic Orange. (Photos courtesy of Volkswagen)

Table of Contents

Powertrain
Dimensions
Paint Colors
Interior Design
Cabin Electronics
Interactive ‘ID Light’
Driver Assist Systems
Sustainability

BY MARK MAYNARD

Official photos and many details were released today, March 9, for the much-anticipated debut of the electric-powered VW ID Buzz and ID Buzz Cargo. Both body styles, passenger and cargo variants, will go on sale in European markets in the third quarter of this year. For the U.S., a long-wheelbase passenger model will debut in 2023 and go on sale in 2024.

The zero-tailpipe emission vehicles transfer the design of the iconic 1950 Type 2 Microbus to the era of electric mobility. However, the ID Buzz is not the first microbus with an electric drivetrain. Fifty years ago at the Hannover Trade Fair Volkswagen showed a T2 bus powered by a rear-mounted electric motor with a maximum range of 52.8 miles.

ID Buzz Powertrain

European versions of the VW ID Buzz and ID Buzz Cargo will come to market with a high-voltage lithium-ion battery providing gross energy content of 82 kWh (77 kWh usable). With its 12 modules, the battery system supplies a 201 horsepower electric motor, driving the rear axle, with maximum torque of 229 foot-pounds. The top speed is limited to 90 mph.

The electric driving range of either model of VW ID Buzz has not been released. But industry sources report that the U.S. version will have a larger battery and electric driving range of around 260 miles. A dual-motor, all-wheel-drive configuration is expected to be added later. Details for the U.S. version will be available closer to launch.

The battery is mounted in the floor of the vehicle. An 11 kW (AC) charger is included for home and Level 2 systems. The ID Buzz also will have a CCS plug connector for use at DC fast-charging stations, at which the charging power increases to as much as 170 kW.

With DC-fast charging, the battery charge level rises from 5 to 80 percent in just 30 minutes, Volkswagen says. In the future, a Plug & Charge function will be offered.

For Europe, bi-directional charging will enable the VW ID Buzz and ID Buzz Cargo to feed power that they don’t need into the domestic grid (vehicle-to-home). VW says this can also make the power available for stabilizing the power grid. The power transfer and communication take place via an optional DC bi-directional wall box.

VW ID Buzz front seats

Sustainability measures include replacing leather with non-animal material.

ID Buzz Dimensions

On a wheelbase of 117.6 inches, both ID Buzz models are 185.5 inches long, 76.3 inches tall, and 78.1 inches wide, not including the side mirrors.

The ID Buzz has full LED lighting. At the front, are charismatically styled headlights, daytime running lights, and a slim lateral bar between the headlights.

In an homage to the original microbus, the VW logo is much larger than all other current Volkswagens. At the back, the ID Buzz has horizontally arranged LED taillights, which are connected by a full-width light strip.

ID Buzz Paint Colors

European versions of the passenger and cargo models will be available in base colors or two-tone styles. The spectrum consists of 11 single-color choices of Candy White (nonmetallic), Mono Silver, Lime Yellow, Starlight Blue, Energetic Orange, Bay Leaf Green, and Deep Black.

There will be four two-tone options. On two-tone ID Buzz models, the upper section, including roof and V-shaped hood, is finished in Candy White, while the areas below the character line are in a choice of four shades: Lime Yellow, Starlight Blue, Energetic Orange or Bay Leaf Green. Side mirrors and door handles are finished in body color.

Both European ID Buzz versions will come with 18-inch steel wheels as standard. On passenger vehicle models, aluminum-alloy wheels are available in sizes ranging from 18 to 21 inches.

ID Buzz two-tone paint colors

At the back, horizontal LED taillights are connected by a full-width light strip.

Interior Design

For passenger models of the ID Buzz, drivers will face a standard 10-inch Digital Cockpit display, which is paired with a 10-inch infotainment system centrally positioned in the dashboard. A 12-inch display with navigation is optional.

Both the Digital Cockpit and infotainment system are connected with the instrument panel only at the bottom, looking like free-floating tablets.

Beneath the infotainment system is a control bar with digital buttons and touch sliders to regulate temperature and audio volume. The digital buttons provide direct access to menus for the dual-zone Climatronic settings, driver assist systems, driving profiles, and parking functions.

The ID Buzz Cargo will launch with three seats in the cab as standard. The extended wheelbase version for North America will have a seven-seat configuration in three rows of 2/3/2 arrangement. The three-person bench in the second row can be folded flat or split 60/40, and it can be moved lengthways 5.9 inches.

Cargo capacity of 39.6 cubic feet will be expandable by an optional height-adjustable cargo floor to create a level load surface. Two side sliding doors are fitted as standard.

Driver area of the Buzz

The Digital Cockpit and infotainment screens appear as free-floating tablets.

Cabin Electronics

To the left of the multifunction steering wheel, there is an island of digital controls for activating the light functions, heating, and defrost for the windshield and rear window. To the right of the steering wheel are two USB-C plugs and a tray for wireless charging (wireless App-Connect is also standard).

In the center console, there are, depending on specification, two more USB-C plugs; there is a fifth in the front passenger door, another in each of the two sliding doors, and one by the rearview mirror for a dashcam.

Two cupholders fold out from the lower dashboard area. In the ID Buzz Cargo, there are two more cupholders near the A-pillars.

Side entry of the new VW microbus

U.S. models of the ID.Buzz will have three rows and seven seats.

Interactive ‘ID Light’

As with other models of Volkswagen’s all-electric vehicle family, the new ID Buzz comes with the interactive ID Light. It stretches across in front of the windshield in the driver’s field of vision above the instrument panel. The head-up style of display gives the driver information based on the color and position of the light signal. For example, a signal in the right-hand area of the strip advises of obstructions in this area or corresponds with a navigation instruction to change lanes. When the ID Light goes red, it is signaling danger and the need to brake.

Driver Assist Systems

European five-seater ID Buzz models are equipped with standard Front Assist, Lane Assist, and Dynamic Road Sign Display. Optional systems include Adaptive Cruise Control, Side Assist, Travel Assist, Emergency Assist, Park Assist, Light Assist, and Area View.

The open cargo area

An optional height-adjustable cargo floor will create a level load surface.

Sustainability

Both versions of ID Buzz are designed with sustainable measures, such as not using leather in the vehicle. The steering wheel cover is made of polyurethane but has a high-quality appearance and feels like leather.

Seat-cover materials, floor coverings, and the headliner of the ID Buzz incorporate recycled material. There will be a fabric made of what is known as Seaqual yarn. Its fibers consist of 10 percent collected ocean plastic and 90 percent recycled plastic bottles.

The two ID Buzz models will also use organically based vehicle paint and forgo cobalt in the high-voltage battery. The company’s sustainability measures include a plant that recycles the high-voltage batteries at the end of their automotive life cycle to prepare them for a second use.

The VW ID Buzz and ID Buzz Cargo models are being produced by Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles at its main plant in Hannover, Germany.

Toyota Sit-Ski Debuts at Paralympic Winter Games

Toyota Sit-Ski Debuts at Paralympic Winter Games
Two-time Paralympic medalist and Global Team Toyota Athlete Andrew Kurka is one of the two Team USA alpine skiers set to compete in the Toyota Sit-Ski at the Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games.

Two Team USA alpine skiers will use the Toyota Sit-Ski at the Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games. (Photos courtesy of Toyota USA)

Toyota Motor North America and Toyota Racing Development Create Sit-Ski for Use by U.S. Paralympics Alpine Skiing

BY MARK MAYNARD

Toyota announced today on the opening of the Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games its technologically advanced Toyota Sit-Ski.

Seven-time Paralympic medalist Laurie Stephens and two-time Paralympic medalist Andrew Kurka are the two Team USA alpine skiers who are set to compete in the Toyota Sit-Ski at the Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games. The competitions begin today and will run through March 13.

“There is no better global event than the Paralympics for Toyota to reinforce our passionate belief that everyone has the right to freedom of movement in an inclusive society,” Lisa Materazzo, group vice president, Toyota Marketing, Toyota Motor North America, said in a release.

A team of engineers and technicians developed a sit-ski from the bottom up.

The monoski was developed by Toyota Motor North America and Toyota Racing Development USA. A behind-the-scenes look at the engineering and technology that went into the rig can be viewed at ToyotaSitSki.com. The multi-episode video series was created in partnership with Media.Monks, a Toyota production partner in the U.S.

“There’s a lot of pressure on me especially going into Beijing to not only win but to represent my country and to set myself up for the future,” said Kurka, who is also a Team Toyota athlete. “I’m a very particular sit-skier because my life is on the line when I’m out there and I want to make sure that not only am I safe, but I’m fast. Win, lose or draw, the Toyota Sit-Ski is an awesome monoski.”

Toyota is giving sports fans and racing enthusiasts an exclusive, behind-the-scenes look at the development of the Toyota Sit-Ski project in a new multi-episode video series.

Toyota created a multi-episode video series about sit-ski project.

Real-World Testing

Testing of the monoski began in late 2019. Five-time Paralympian Chris Devlin-Young lent his expertise in testing the sit-ski and providing feedback along the way. Project focus areas include the suspension system, seating position and fit, and mechanical changes based on the disciplines within para-alpine skiing.

“It will be an incredible moment when we see the Toyota Sit-Ski come down the hill for the first time in Paralympic competition given the team’s heart and soul that has gone into this project,” David Wilson, group vice president and president, Toyota Racing Development USA, said in the release.

Paralympic medalist Andrew Kurka talks with the team at Toyota Racing Development USA about the Toyota Sit-Ski project.

Paralympian Andrew Kurka contributes to the Toyota Sit-Ski project.

Toyota and the Paralympic Movement

Toyota has been an active supporter of Paralympic athletes and adaptive sports.

In 2015, the company became the official worldwide mobility partner of the Olympic and Paralympic Committees for the 2017-2024 period.

In addition, Toyota is a proud partner of Team USA and several Paralympic National Governing Bodies and Paralympic national teams, including:

Toyota also has long-standing relationships with Adaptive Action Sports  and Challenged Athletes Foundation. In addition, Toyota has featured two U.S. Paralympians in Big Game commercials (Amy Purdy in 2015 and Jessica Long in 2021).

The innovative Toyota Sit-Ski in action.

Toyota U.S. Paralympic Fund

To date, more than 430 U.S. Paralympic athletes and hopefuls have received direct support from the more than $4.9 million raised for the Toyota U.S. Paralympic Fund. Toyota is also offering opportunities to athletes named to the U.S. Paralympic Team for the Tokyo and Beijing Games.

Volvo XC40 Recharge Review

Volvo XC40 Recharge Review

The XC40 Recharge is the best of Volvo’s past and the brightest from Volvo’s future, the company says

The 2022 Volvo XC40 Recharge small SUV.

The 2022 Volvo XC40 Recharge is sold in two trim levels of Plus and Ultimate with permanent all-wheel drive. Pricing starts at $56,395. (Volvo Cars photos)

Table of Contents

Overview
Pricing
Rebates and Incentives
Electric Power
Performance
Charging
Safety Features
Interior Function
Back Seats and Cargo
The Good, the Bad, and the Awkward
Why Buy the Volvo XC40 Recharge?
Specifications

BY MARK MAYNARD

To look at the Volvo XC40 Recharge, you might not see a 402-horsepower all-wheel-drive electric SUV. But at 4.7 seconds to 60 mph, it is a new-age muscle car with Swedish politeness. The XC40 Recharge is quicker to 60 than most of its EV colleagues — and even a few gasoline-powered muscle cars.

Volvo says the XC40 Recharge will accelerate from 0-60 mph in 4.7 seconds.

But with quickness comes compromise. Despite Volvo’s posted driving range of 233 miles, the XC40’s two 201-hp electric motors suck the juice at a concerning rate. Along the way, however, the XC40 Recharge is a real charmer — at a price.

Welcome to Volvoland. Things here are not always as they seem.

Interior design is minimalist.

XC40 Recharge Overview

The XC40 Recharge is Volvo’s first battery-electric vehicle. It debuted in 2020 as “the future of Volvo Cars,” and it is the company’s most decisive step to date on its drive toward being “climate neutral” by 2040.

“Rather than just building and selling premium cars, we will provide our customers with the freedom to move in a personal, sustainable and safe way,” Volvo Car Group CEO Håkan Samuelsson said in the press kit.

Volvo C40 Recharge EV

The Volvo C40 Recharge.

Joining Volvo’s campaign to all-out electrification is the just-released 2022 C40 Recharge. It is a sport-roof variant of the XC40 and has a one-trim-level comprehensive starting price of $59,845. Its battery powertrain and driving range are the same as the XC40 Recharge.

Driver area of the XC40

Headroom is surprisingly accommodating for tall drivers.

Swedish Unique

Volvo’s XC40 began life as a 2019 model with a turbocharged four-cylinder gas-powered engine. When I tested that version, its interior gave the impression of an electric vehicle — lean and open with reconfigured space. Most obvious was the open door-panel storage. The audio speakers were moved from the lower door panels to create voluminous storage space.

The XC40 Recharge slips into those same shoes, with its own innovations. My first excursion behind the wheel was an awakening. There is no ignition button. The driver’s weight on the seat starts the car. Just buckle up and go. To turn off the car, just step out and lock the door.

And there is no physical parking brake. It engages automatically when parked and releases on driveaway.

This utterly new procedure seemed odd and more of a gimmick than an enhancement. But after a few days’ experience, it seemed a smart bypass to get me on the move a few seconds quicker.

Volvo design applies some of the more thoughtful features in a vehicle. One example is the little wastebasket in the front center armrest console. It is so much classier than wadding up papers and stuffing them into a cup holder, or door panel. And then there are the jacket hooks built onto the B-pillars, or the folding hook on the glove compartment door to hold take-out bags.

Volvo claims to be the first major automaker to bring Google Services into the car, which Volvo says is a paradigm shift in the way people interact with their vehicles. It is a suite of Google Maps, Google Voice, Google Assistant, and Google Play Store.

XC40 Panoramic roof

The panoramic moonroof is a standard feature.

XC40 Recharge Pricing

The XC40 Recharge is sold in two trim levels of Plus and Ultimate with permanent all-wheel drive. The Plus starts at $56,395, including the $1,095 freight charge from Ghent, Belgium. The Ultimate, today’s tester, is a $2,850 package. Included with the MSRP are 250kW of DC Fast Charging and a year’s subscription to discounted energy with Electrify America.

Both models are luxury class in standard equipment and include such features as keyless entry with push-button ignition, Nubuck and fabric upholstery, heated front seats, front seat cushion extenders, high-performance audio system with Bluetooth phone and audio, smartphone charging, and a laminated panoramic moonroof.

Features in the Ultimate package include keyless entry and keyless drive; a heat pump for cabin heating (rather than electric heating); 360-degree surround-view camera; Harmon Kardon audio system; removable and folding cargo floor; a power tailgate; power front passenger seat; headlight pressure washing and heated washer nozzles; Pilot Assist driver-assistance system; adaptive cruise control; heated rear seats; and 20-inch black-diamond cut alloy wheels

The new-vehicle warranty covers 4 years or 50,000 miles with roadside assistance. And there is free factory scheduled maintenance and wear coverage for the first 4 years or 40,000 miles. Among the wear items are brake rotors and brake pads (as needed), and, front and rear wiper blades.

Charging cable storage in the front trunk.

Charging cable storage in the front trunk.

Rebates and Incentives

Easing some sticker shock of the XC40 Recharge is a still-available $7,500 federal tax credit. And there also might be regional rebates, such as the Clean Fuel Reward of $750, presented by the California Air Resources Board.

Also available for low- and moderate-income residents in San Diego County is the MAAC Electric Vehicle Access Program (Metropolitan Area Advisory Committee). Interested buyers can apply for incentives and rebates of up to $11,000 to lower the purchase price of pre-owned and new EVs, including plug-in hybrids.

In addition, a $1,000 point-of-sale rebate is available from San Diego Gas & Electric to teachers and first responders in San Diego County.

XC40 Recharge Electric Power

Powered by two 201 horsepower electric motors, the XC40 Recharge has a total system output of 402 horsepower. And the robust 486 foot-pounds of torque are instantly available. As with most all-wheel-drive electric vehicles, one motor powers the front wheels, and the other drives the rear. The motors, controller, and battery are liquid-cooled.

The 78 kWh lithium battery pack, of which 75 kWh is usable, is EPA-rated for a driving range of 223 miles. But that range is when the battery is charged to 100 percent, which Volvo does not recommend. To prolong battery life, Volvo recommends charging to 90 percent, which translates to a driving range of around 190 miles. But that range will vary with the terrain or driver enthusiasm.

Comprised of 78 modules of 12 cells each in three parallel stacks, lithium battery pack is integrated into the floor and what was the exhaust-AWD tube). The modules are individually repairable, Volvo says. And the battery pack is protected by an extruded aluminum safety cage.

Volvo XC40 Recharge driveline.

A second view of the skateboard battery showing the seats.

What Is a Heat Pump?

The entry-level Volvo XC40 Recharge has an electric cabin heater, but the Ultimate model gets a heat pump. The difference might be a bit more range with the heat pump, which draws less electrical power from the battery pack.

EVs don’t produce much heat and require special heating systems. Heat pumps prevent excess heat created by an EV’s battery and drivetrain from going to waste. They absorb the excess heat generated by the EV‘s battery and drivetrain to improve the car‘s efficiency, range, and driving experience.

The heat pump functions somewhat like an air conditioner in reverse. This means that the EV doesn’t need to use its battery to power a traditional resistive or electric heater to warm the cabin. The heat pump helps maintain optimal battery temperature and, thereby some real-world range.

Unfortunately, whatever energy conservation is provided by the heat pump, its savings are not reflected in EPA testing.

XC40 Recharge Fuel Economy

For electric vehicles, the EPA includes a miles-per-gallon equivalent or MPGe. The XC40 Recharge is rated for 85 MPGe combined, 92 MPGe city, and 79 MPGe highway. That compares to the gas-powered, front-wheel drive XC40 at 26 mpg combined, 23 city, and 32 mpg highway on the recommended regular fuel. The XC40 AWD has ratings of 25/22/30 mpg, on the recommended premium fuel.

XC40 Recharge Performance

The quickness of the XC40 Recharge is easy to control with the so-called one-pedal driving. The electronic function integrates regenerative braking and electric motors. Just by lifting the gas pedal, the driver can slow the car to a stop without using the brake pedal. It can even hold the car on an incline.

Or, the system can be switched off for traditional driving. In this mode, there is greater benefit from the car’s rolling kinetic energy when driving at higher speeds on a highway, Volvo says. And this setting allows the “creep” function, as when the car starts to roll forward when the brake pedal is released.

The AWD setup of the XC40 Recharge is rear-wheel biased. During acceleration, more torque goes to the rear for traction. And when decelerating, the front wheels recapture more energy.

LED lighting with Thor’s Hammer detail

LED lighting with Thor’s Hammer detail.

XC40 Recharge Ride and Handling

With a minimum curb weight of 4,741 pounds, the XC40 Recharge feels heavy on takeoff but lightens as it gets rolling. From about 30 mph, torque is the driver’s friend. Mash the pedal to impress friends with the potent acceleration. And the quickness is sharp at 50-70 mph on the highway when defending your space.

The XC40 Recharge is not sporty to drive, but it is comfortably sprung. It can be a clunky ride, too. Managing the curb weight of a short (174.1 inches) and tall (65 inches) vehicle challenges the suspension of front MacPherson struts and a multi-link rear. And it has a lot of highway noise in the cabin.

The electric steering has adjustable steering weight, but the standard “firm” setting felt light to me. But the car’s rather long wheelbase of 106.4 inches and the Ultimate’s 20-inch tires created a wide turning circle, which Volvo says is 37.4 ft with 19-inch tires.

Four-wheel-disc brakes of 13.6-inch front rotors and 13.4-inch rotors rear are large for a small SUV but necessary to ensure braking force for the 2,000-pound tow capacity.

XC40 tire and wheel

The Ultimate package adds 20-inch Pirelli Scorpion Zero tires.

Charging the XC40 Recharge

Volvo’s XC40 Recharge uses the CCS charging standard, which consists of a combined AC and DC inlet port. The top portion of the inlet is for the Type 2 connector for charging at home or public stations.

Both sockets are used when using rapid DC charging from a CCS connector.

The XC40 Recharge has an 11 kW onboard charger that can be used with a standard household 110-volt outlet. Charging on 110 is slow, like filling a swimming pool through a drinking straw. Newer homes with 220-volt circuits can provide about 4 to 8 miles of range per hour.

An 11kW AC wall box or public charging point will provide about 31-37 miles of range per hour.

A DC fast-charging station will provide between 19 and 62 miles of range in 10 minutes, depending on wattage. Charging from zero to 80 percent at a 150kW DC fast charging station will take approximately 40 minutes, Volvo says. But those are not easy to find.

Public Charging

I charged at two 50kW public charging stations, Blink (Level 2) and EV Go.

The Blink charger, which is swipe-a-credit-card easy, gave a 4 percent charge in 47 minutes for a cost of $3.54. A day later I visited an EV Go fast charger, which boosted the battery reserve from 83 percent to 90 percent in 11 minutes for a cost of $6.77. But the EV Go chargers, six of them in a parking garage, were filthy and the hoses were gritty and grimy.

That poor upkeep would be motivation for me to buy a home charger. A ChargePoint Home Flex charger starts at about $700, not including installation. The 240-volt charger is nine times faster than a normal wall outlet, Volvo says.

A U.S. federal tax credit might be available, too, which covers 30 percent of the costs of a home charger and installation (up to $1,000). Check to see if you can combine this credit with other incentives in your area. Learn more here.

Charge port on the XC40

The XC40 Recharge has a combined charging socket for AC and DC.

XC40 Recharge Safety Features

Standard XC40 safety features and technologies include seven air bags, low- and high-speed collision mitigation (which detects vehicles and pedestrians/cyclists), automatic braking after a collision, run-off-road protection and run-off-road mitigation, lane-departure warning and lane-keeping assist.

And when electronic updates are required, the XC40 Recharge can receive over-the-air updates. As with smartphone OS updates, the user can schedule the update or let it occur automatically.

The XC40 Recharge is also the first Volvo model equipped with the new Advanced Driver Assistance Systems sensor platform. The system combines cameras, radar, and ultrasonic sensors. And those software systems can be updated for future autonomous-driving technologies.

XC40 Recharge Interior Function

Volvo does good design engineering to make a subcompact cabin feel larger than it is — at least for those in the front seats.

Cabin design is a minimalist presentation. Most cabin controls are accessed on the large, vertical touchscreen, or steering wheel controls. Frequently used climate controls settings are conveniently accessed on a strip just below the touchscreen. And there are separate audio volume and tuning knobs.

Opening and closing the pano roof is by a touch-sensitive switch.

The leather-free Nubuck upholstery looks like leather and is supple and attractive. Interior plastics are generally pleasing in appearance and their graining, but not completely for a $60,000 car.

Front headroom of 37.6 inches with the panoramic roof is somehow surprisingly accommodating for taller drivers. And the seats, with seat-bottom tilt, provide all-day support for butt and thighs, with a seat-cushion extender on the Ultimate.

Sightlines are open over the hood and fenders, but less so over the shoulder with the upswept rear door skins. Saving the day for parking visibility is the 360-degree camera in the Ultimate, which helps navigate tight spaces, and it includes a curb view.

Cargo space in the XC40

Square cargo space of 20.4 cubic feet. (Mark Maynard photo)

XC40 Recharge Back Seat and Cargo

The back seats are where the XC40 Recharge feels subcompact. Rear headroom is good at 38.3 inches, but legroom of 36.1 inches is cramped with a tall driver in the front seat. The seat bottoms are very short (to help legroom).

The center tunnel for battery storage takes from the precious three-across foot room. And shoulder room is impacted by the bench that is inset a few inches from the doors. That’s a benefit for side-impact protection, but the whole back seat area feels downsized.

Conveniences include a fold-down center armrest and charging USBs.

Cargo space is flip-and-fold functional with the folding back seat and folding cargo floor, which is useful to corral grocery bags. Fold the seatback for almost 5 feet of length, with 29.4 inches floor to headliner.

Fold the back seat for about 5 feet of length.

The Good, the Bad, and the Awkward

There is still much resistance to those uninitiated to the intangible pleasures of driving a battery-electric vehicle. Among the big impediments are the driving range that is less than in a gas-powered vehicle and battery manufacturing that is bad for the environment.

“I couldn’t live with less than 300 miles,” a businesswoman said to me when asking about the XC40 Recharge. And she followed up with: “And EV batteries are so bad for the environment.”

All vehicle manufacturing creates emissions and waste. But it is less invasive for electrics, which concentrate the effects of pollution in a central location, which aids in clean up. And the energy is not being trucked to a network of fuel stations.

In the manufacturing process, electric vehicles will produce more global warming emissions than the average gasoline vehicle, because electric cars’ large lithium-ion batteries require a lot of materials and energy to build. (For example, manufacturing a midsized electric car with an 84-mile range, results in 15 percent more emissions.)

However, once the vehicles get on the road, it’s a whole different energy story, according to EarthJustice.org.

Reducing Greenhouse Gases

Electric vehicles make up for their higher manufacturing emissions within, at most, 18 months of driving — and continue to outperform gasoline cars until the end of their lives

An electric car on average has the same greenhouse-gas emissions as a car getting 88 miles per gallon. And that is far greater than the average new gasoline-powered car (31 mpg) or truck (21 mpg), according to analysis by the Union of Concerned Scientists.

And there are major concerns with sourcing the minerals. Mining is a destructive industry, long responsible for human rights abuses and environmental devastation, according to EarthWorks.org.  And lithium, cobalt, and nickel are key elements used to make the lithium-ion batteries for use in electric vehicles,

Battery Recycling

End-of-life battery recycling is limited but gaining attention. Ford Motor Co. and Volvo Cars are the first automakers to directly support a program to recycle EV batteries.

The automakers are working with Nevada-based Redwood Materials. The company recycles batteries, electronics, and other end-of-life products “with environmentally sound processing and refining technologies to produce key elements for circular supply chains,” according to its website.

According to the release, the program will begin in California and will accept all lithium-ion and nickel-metal hydride batteries in the state.

Why Buy the Volvo XC40 Recharge?

Driving range becomes very manageable because your vehicle can always be topped off at home. Power companies offer reduced rates for off-peak charging. And a driver who has solar panels at home will reap additional savings.

The XC40 Recharge is very convincing to go electric. But the buyer would have to be very committed to Volvo to buy or lease a $60,000 small SUV.

In time, sitting on 15 gallons of flammable gasoline will seem ludicrous.

A rear view of the Volvo XC40 Recharge small SUV

Welcome to Volvoland.

Volvo XC40 Recharge Twin Ultimate Specifications

Body style: compact, 5-seat, 5-door battery-electric AWD SUV crossover

Motors: Two water-cooled 150kW permanent magnet synchronic electric motors; 402 total horsepower; each motor is fed by one of two 500A inverters, to convert DC current from the battery to AC current for the motor; 486 lb.-ft. torque from 0 to 4,350 rpm

Battery: 78kWh (or 75kWh usable) lithium-ion (liquid-cooled)

Transmission: 1-speed automatic

0-60 mph: 4.7 seconds; 112 mph top speed

Driving range: up to 223 miles at 100 percent charge; or about 200 miles on the recommended 90 percent charge to help preserve battery life

Charging times

DC 50-150kW: 40 minutes, to 80 percent

Household plug: 34 hours

Home 240-volt: 7-10 hours

BY THE NUMBERS

Max trailer weight: 2,000 pounds

Cargo space: 16-31.5 cubic feet

Front trunk space: 1 cubic foot

Front head/leg room: 37.6/40.9 inches

Rear head/leg room: 38.3/36.1 inches

Length/wheelbase: 174.1/106.4 inches

Curb weight: 4,741 lbs.

Turning circle: 37.4 ft.

FEATURES

Standard equipment includes: keyless entry with push-button ignition, Nubuck textile upholstery, heated front seats, front seat cushion extenders, high-performance audio system with Bluetooth phone and audio, rear park assist camera, charcoal headliner, inductive smartphone charging, laminated panoramic moonroof with power sunshade, 12-inch driver gauge display (w/2 appearance modes), 9-inch center infotainment display, 360-degree camera system, LED exterior lighting, 4-year subscription to Google Automotive Services, Google Maps, and Google Play, tinted side and rear glass

Ultimate equipment: heat pump for cabin heating, 360-degree surround-view camera, Harmon Kardon premium audio system removable and folding cargo load floor, keyless entry and keyless drive, power tailgate, Homelink controls, front and rear park assist, power passenger seat, headlight pressure washing and heated washer nozzles, Pilot Assist driver-assistance system, adaptive cruise control, heated rear seats, 20-inch black-diamond cut alloy wheels

Safety features include: 7 air bags, low- and high-speed collision mitigation (detects vehicles and pedestrian/cyclists), automatic braking after collision, run-off-road protection and run-off-road mitigation, lane departure warning, lane-keeping assist, road-sign information,

PRICING

Base price: $59,245, including $1,095 freight charge; price as tested $60,090

Options on test vehicle: Thunder Grey metallic paint $695; heated steering wheel $150

Where assembled: Ghent, Belgium

Warranty: 4-years/50,000-miles bumper to bumper with roadside assistance; free factory scheduled maintenance and wear coverage for the first 4 years or 40,000 miles; 8-years/100,000-miles limited drive battery coverage (or 10-years/150,000-miles in California)